M'mawa wa April 21, 2014, musk parachuted ku Beijing Qiaofu Fangcao ndi ndege payekha ndipo anapita ku Unduna wa sayansi ndi luso la China poyimitsa koyamba kufufuza tsogolo la kulowa Tesla ku China.Unduna wa sayansi ndi ukadaulo wakhala ukulimbikitsa Tesla, koma nthawi ino musk adatseka chitseko ndikupeza yankho lotsatirali: China ikulingalira zakusintha kwamisonkho yamagalimoto amagetsi.Kukonzanso kusanamalize, ma model azilipirabe 25% ngati magalimoto amtundu wamafuta.

Chifukwa chake musk akukonzekera "kufuula" kudzera pa msonkhano wa akatswiri a geek Park.Muholo yayikulu ya Zhongshan concert hall, Yang Yuanqing, Zhou Hongyi, Zhang Yiming ndi ena adakhala pa siteji.Ndipo musk adadikirira kuseri kwa siteji, adatulutsa foni yake ndikulemba.Nyimboyo itamveka, iye anakwera siteji n’kukondwera ndi kuwomba m’manja.Koma atabwerera ku United States, adalemba pa Twitter ndikudandaula kuti: "Ku China, tili ngati khanda lokwawa."

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Tesla wakhala ali pafupi ndi bankirapuse kangapo chifukwa msika nthawi zambiri umakhala wocheperako ndipo vuto la dystocia lapangitsa kuti atengere makasitomala kwa theka la chaka.Zotsatira zake, musk adakomoka komanso kusuta chamba, kugona mufakitale yaku California tsiku lililonse kuti awone momwe zikuyendera.Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndikumanga mafakitale apamwamba ku China.Kuti izi zitheke, musk analira m'mawu ake ku Hong Kong: kwa makasitomala aku China, adaphunziranso kugwiritsa ntchito wechat.

Nthawi imathamanga.Pa Januware 7, 2020, musk adabweranso ku Shanghai ndikupereka makiyi oyamba amtundu wa 3 kwa eni magalimoto aku China ku Tesla Shanghai Super fakitale.Mawu ake oyamba anali: Zikomo kwa boma la China.Analinso ndi kuvina kwa kumbuyo komweko.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa chitsanzo chapakhomo 3, anthu ambiri mkati ndi kunja kwa mafakitale adanena mowopsya: mapeto a magalimoto amphamvu a China akubwera.

Komabe, m'chaka chapitacho, Tesla adakumana ndi zochitika zazikuluzikulu za rollover, kuphatikizapo kuyaka kwa batri modzidzimutsa, injini yosalamulirika, skylight ikuwuluka, etc. Ndipo maganizo a Tesla akhala "wololera" kapena odzikuza.Posachedwapa, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa magetsi kwa magalimoto atsopano, Tesla wakhala akutsutsidwa ndi atolankhani apakati.Kunena zoona, vuto la kuchepa kwa batire la Tesla ndilofala kwambiri, eni magalimoto pa intaneti amadzudzulanso mawu amodzi pambuyo pa mnzake.

Poganizira izi, mabungwe aboma adachitapo kanthu.Posachedwapa, General Administration ya kuyang'anira msika ndi m'madipatimenti ena asanu anafunsidwa Tesla, amene makamaka ankakhudza mavuto monga mathamangitsidwe zachilendo, batire moto, akutali galimoto Mokweza, etc. Monga ife tonse tikudziwa, zoweta lithiamu chitsulo mankwala mabatire makamaka ntchito m'banja chitsanzo 3 .

Kodi batire ya lithiamu ndiyofunika bwanji?Tikayang'ana m'mbuyo pa chitukuko cha mafakitale, kodi dziko la China likumvetsadi luso lamakono?Kodi kukwaniritsa bwino?

1/ Chida chofunikira chanthawiyo

M’zaka za m’ma 1900, anthu anapanga chuma chochuluka kuposa zaka 2000 zapitazo.Zina mwa izo, sayansi ndi luso lamakono likhoza kuonedwa ngati mphamvu yopititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha dziko lonse ndi chitukuko cha zachuma.M’zaka 100 zapitazi, zotulukira zasayansi ndi luso lazopangapanga zopangidwa ndi anthu nzochenjera kwambiri ngati nyenyezi, ndipo ziŵiri za izo zimazindikiridwa kukhala ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu pa zochitika za m’mbiri.Yoyamba ndi transistors, popanda zomwe sipakanakhala makompyuta;chachiwiri ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion, popanda omwe dziko lapansi silingaganizidwe.

Masiku ano, mabatire a lithiamu akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mabiliyoni ambiri a mafoni a m'manja, ma laputopu ndi zinthu zina zamagetsi chaka chilichonse, komanso mamiliyoni a magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, komanso zipangizo zonse zonyamula katundu padziko lapansi zomwe zimafunikira kulipira.Kuonjezera apo, pakubwera kwa kusintha kwa magalimoto atsopano a mphamvu ndi kupanga zipangizo zambiri zam'manja, makampani a lithiamu batire adzakhala ndi tsogolo lowala.Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wapachaka wa maselo a batri a lithiamu okha wafika 200 biliyoni, ndipo tsogolo latsala pang'ono.

Mapulani ndi ndondomeko za kuthetsa mtsogolo kwa magalimoto amafuta opangidwa ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi adzakhalanso "icing on the cake".Yoyamba ndi Norway ku 2025, ndi United States, Japan ndi mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya kuzungulira 2035. China ilibe ndondomeko yomveka bwino ya nthawi.Ngati palibe ukadaulo watsopano m'tsogolomu, makampani a batri a lithiamu apitiliza kukula kwazaka zambiri.Titha kunena kuti aliyense amene ali ndi ukadaulo woyambira wa batri ya lithiamu amatanthauza kukhala ndi ndodo yolamulira makampani.

Mayiko aku Western Europe amakhazikitsa nthawi yoti magalimoto amafuta azisiya

Kwa zaka zambiri, Europe ndi United States, China, Japan ndi South Korea anapezerapo mpikisano woopsa ndipo ngakhale scuffle m'munda wa mabatire lifiyamu, zokhudza asayansi ambiri otchuka, mayunivesite ambiri pamwamba ndi mabungwe kafukufuku, komanso zimphona ndi likulu consortia mu mafakitale amafuta, mankhwala, magalimoto, sayansi ndi ukadaulo.Ndani angaganize kuti njira yachitukuko ya msika wa batire ya lifiyamu padziko lonse lapansi inali yofanana ndi ya semiconductor: idachokera ku Europe ndi United States, yamphamvu kuposa Japan ndi South Korea, ndipo pamapeto pake idalamulidwa ndi China.

M'zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi 1980, teknoloji ya batri ya lithiamu inayamba kukhala ku Ulaya ndi America.Pambuyo pake, anthu aku America motsatizana adapanga lithiamu cobalt oxide, lithiamu manganese oxide ndi lithiamu iron phosphate mabatire, omwe adatsogolera pamakampani.Mu 1991, Japan inali yoyamba kupanga mabatire a lithiamu-ion, koma msika udapitilirabe kuchepa.Kumbali ina, South Korea imadalira boma kuti lipitirire patsogolo.Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi thandizo lamphamvu la boma, China wapanga lifiyamu batire makampani woyamba mu dziko sitepe ndi sitepe.

Pakusinthika kwamakampani a batri a lithiamu, Europe, America ndi Japan adachita gawo lofunikira pakukweza ukadaulo.Mu 2019, Mphotho ya Nobel mu chemistry idaperekedwa kwa asayansi aku America a John goodinaf, Stanley whitingham ndi wasayansi waku Japan Yoshino pozindikira zomwe apereka pakufufuza ndi chitukuko cha mabatire a lithiamu-ion.Popeza asayansi ochokera ku United States ndi Japan apambana Mphotho ya Nobel, kodi China ingatsogolere paukadaulo waukadaulo wamabatire a lithiamu?

2/ Chingwe cha batri ya lithiamu 

Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa batri ya lithiamu padziko lonse lapansi kuli ndi njira yayitali yotsatira.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la mafuta, Exxon anakhazikitsa labotale yofufuza ku New Jersey, kukopa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba la physics ndi chemistry, kuphatikizapo Stanley whitingham, mnzake wa postdoctoral mu solid state electrochemistry ku yunivesite ya Stanford.Cholinga chake ndikumanganso njira yatsopano yamagetsi, ndiko kuti, kupanga m'badwo watsopano wa mabatire omwe amatha kuchangidwa.

Nthawi yomweyo, Bell Labs yakhazikitsa gulu la akatswiri azamankhwala ndi afizikiki ochokera ku yunivesite ya Stanford.Mbali ziwirizi zayambitsa mpikisano woopsa kwambiri pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mabatire a m'badwo wotsatira.Ngakhale kafukufuku atakhala wokhudzana, "ndalama si vuto."Patatha pafupifupi zaka zisanu akufufuza mwachinsinsi kwambiri, Whitingham ndi gulu lake anayamba kupanga dziko woyamba rechargeable lithiamu-ion batire.

Batire iyi ya lithiamu mwanzeru imagwiritsa ntchito titaniyamu sulfide ngati zinthu za cathode ndi lithiamu ngati zinthu za anode.Zili ndi ubwino wa kulemera kwa kuwala, mphamvu zazikulu komanso zopanda kukumbukira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imataya zofooka za batri yapitayi, zomwe tinganene kuti ndizokwera bwino.Mu 1976, Exxon adafunsira chiphaso choyambirira cha lifiyamu padziko lonse lapansi, koma sanapindule ndi chitukuko.Komabe, izi sizikhudza mbiri ya whitingham monga "bambo wa lithiamu" komanso udindo wake padziko lapansi.

Ngakhale kupanga kwa whitingham kudalimbikitsa bizinesiyo, kuyaka kwa batire komanso kuphwanya kwamkati kudasokoneza gululi, kuphatikiza gudinaf.Chifukwa chake, iye ndi othandizira awiri a postdoctoral adapitilizabe kufufuza tebulo la periodic mwadongosolo.Mu 1980, iwo potsiriza anaganiza kuti zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndi cobalt.Lithium cobalt oxide, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati cathode ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion, ndiyabwino kwambiri kuposa zida zilizonse panthawiyo ndipo idalowa msika mwachangu.

Kuyambira pamenepo, luso la batire la anthu lapita patsogolo kwambiri.Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani popanda lithiamu cobaltite?Mwachidule, n’chifukwa chiyani “foni yaikulu ya m’manja” inali yaikulu komanso yolemetsa?Ndi chifukwa palibe batire ya lithiamu cobalt.Komabe, ngakhale batri ya lithiamu cobalt oxide ili ndi ubwino wambiri, kuipa kwake kumawonekera pambuyo pa kugwiritsira ntchito kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo kukwera mtengo, kukana kuchulukitsitsa kosakwanira ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zinyalala.

Chifukwa chake goodinav ndi wophunzira wake Mike Thackeray adapitilizabe kufunafuna zida zabwinoko.Mu 1982, Thackeray adapanga batire ya lithiamu manganenate.Koma posakhalitsa, adalumphira ku Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) kuti akaphunzire mabatire a lithiamu.Ndipo goodinaf ndi gulu lake akupitiriza kuyang'ana zipangizo zina, kuchepetsa mndandanda wa chitsulo ndi phosphorous posinthananso mwadongosolo zitsulo mu tebulo la periodic.

Pomaliza, chitsulo ndi phosphorous sanali kupanga kasinthidwe kuti gulu ankafuna, koma anapanga dongosolo lina: pambuyo licoo3 ndi LiMn2O4, chachitatu cathode zakuthupi kwa mabatire lithiamu-ion anabadwa mwalamulo: LiFePO4.Chifukwa chake, ma electrode atatu ofunika kwambiri a lithiamu-ion batire onse adabadwira mu labotale ya dinaf kuyambira nthawi zakale.Yakhalanso chiyambi cha mabatire a lithiamu padziko lapansi, ndi kubadwa kwa akatswiri awiri otchulidwa pamwambapa a Nobel Prize.

Mu 1996, University of Texas idafunsira patent m'malo mwa labotale ya goodinaf.Ichi ndiye choyambirira choyambirira cha batire ya LiFePO4.Kuyambira pamenepo, Michelle Armand, French lifiyamu wasayansi, walowa gulu ndi ntchito ndi dinaf kwa patent wa LiFePO4 mpweya ❖ kuyanika luso, kukhala yachiwiri zofunika setifiketi ya LiFePO4.Ma Patent awiriwa ndi ma Patent omwe sangalambalale mulimonse.

3 / Kusintha kwaukadaulo

Ndi chitukuko cha ntchito zamakono, pali vuto mwamsanga kuthetsedwa mu electrode negative wa lithiamu cobalt okusayidi batire, kotero sikunayambe mafakitale mofulumira.Panthawiyo, chitsulo cha lithiamu chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anode ya mabatire a lithiamu.Ngakhale kuti angapereke ndithu mkulu mphamvu kachulukidwe, panali mavuto ambiri, kuphatikizapo ufa pang`onopang`ono wa zinthu anode ndi kutaya ntchito, ndi kukula kwa lithiamu dendrites akhoza kuboola diaphragm, chifukwa cha dera lalifupi kapena kuyaka ndi kuphulika kwa batire.

Pamene vutoli linali lovuta kwambiri, Ajapani anawonekera.Sony yakhala ikupanga mabatire a lithiamu kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo yasamalira kwambiri zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi.Komabe, palibe chidziwitso cha nthawi komanso komwe teknoloji ya lithiamu cobaltite inapezedwa.Mu 1991, Sony adatulutsa batire yoyamba ya lithiamu-ion mu mbiri ya anthu, ndikuyika mabatire angapo a lithiamu cobalt cylindrical mu kamera yaposachedwa ya ccd-tr1.Kuyambira pamenepo, nkhope yamagetsi ogula padziko lonse lapansi yalembedwanso.

Anali Yoshino amene anapanga chosankha chofunika kwambiri chimenechi.Anayambitsa ntchito ya carbon (graphite) m'malo mwa lithiamu monga anode ya lithiamu batire, komanso kuphatikiza ndi lithiamu cobalt oxide cathode.Izi kwenikweni bwino mphamvu ndi mkombero moyo wa lifiyamu batire, ndi kuchepetsa mtengo, amene ndi mphamvu otsiriza kwa mafakitale a lithiamu batire.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mabizinesi aku China ndi aku Korea adatsanulira mumsika wa batire ya lithiamu, ndipo ukadaulo watsopano wamagetsi (ATL) unakhazikitsidwa panthawiyi.

Chifukwa cha kubedwa kwaukadaulo, "mgwirizano waufulu" woyambitsidwa ndi University of Texas ndipo mabizinesi ena akhala akunyamula malupanga padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mkangano wokhudza mayiko ndi makampani ambiri.Ngakhale kuti anthu amaganizabe kuti LiFePO4 ndi abwino kwambiri mphamvu batire, latsopano cathode chuma dongosolo kaphatikizidwe ubwino lithiamu niobate, lithiamu cobalt ndi lithiamu manganese wakhala mwakachetechete anabadwa mu labotale ku Canada.

Mu April 2001, Jeff Dann, Pulofesa wa sayansi ya sayansi ku yunivesite ya dalhous ndi wasayansi wamkulu wa gulu la 3M Canada, anatulukira malonda akuluakulu a faifi tambala cobalt manganese ternary composite cathode zakuthupi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa batire ya lifiyamu kuti iwononge gawo lomaliza lolowera msika. .Pa Epulo 27 chaka chimenecho, 3M idafunsira ku United States patent, yomwe ndi maziko oyambira azinthu zamtundu wa ternary.Izi zikutanthauza kuti malinga ngati mu ternary system, palibe amene angakhoze kuzungulira.

Pafupifupi pa nthawi yomweyo, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) choyamba akufuna lingaliro la olemera lifiyamu, ndipo pa maziko awa, anatulukira wosanjikiza lifiyamu wolemera ndi mkulu manganese ternary zipangizo, ndipo bwinobwino ntchito patent mu 2004. Ndipo munthu woyang'anira Kukula kwaukadaulo uku ndi thackerel, yemwe adapanga lithiamu manganenate.Mpaka 2012, Tesla adayamba kukwera pang'onopang'ono.Musk adapereka kangapo malipiro apamwamba kuti alembe anthu ochokera ku dipatimenti ya 3M ya batri ya R & D ya 3M.

Potengera mwayiwu, 3M idakankhira ngalawayo pakalipano, idatengera njira ya "anthu amapita, koma ufulu wa patent utsalira", idasokoneza dipatimenti ya batri, ndikupanga phindu lalikulu potumiza zovomerezeka ndi mgwirizano waukadaulo.Ma Patents adaperekedwa kwa mabizinesi angapo aku Japan ndi Korea a lithiamu batire monga Elektron, Panasonic, Hitachi, Samsung, LG, L & F ndi SK, komanso zida za cathode monga Shanshan, Hunan Ruixiang ndi Beida Xianxian ku China Pali mabizinesi opitilira khumi onse.

Ma Patent a Anl amangoperekedwa kumakampani atatu okha: BASF, chimphona chamankhwala ku Germany, Toyoda industries, fakitale yaku Japan ya cathode material, ndi LG, kampani yaku South Korea.Kenako, kuzungulira pachimake patent mpikisano wa zipangizo ternary, awiri pamwamba makampani mapangano kafukufuku yunivesite anapangidwa.Izi pafupifupi zowumbidwa "mwachibadwa" luso luso mabizinesi lithiamu batire kumadzulo, Japan ndi South Korea, pamene China sanapindule kwambiri.

4/ Kukula kwamakampani aku China

Popeza China sichinadziwe luso laukadaulo, zidathetsa bwanji vutoli?Kufufuza kwa batri la lithiamu ku China sikunachedwe, pafupifupi kulumikizidwa ndi dziko lapansi.Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, pansi pa malingaliro a Chen Liquan, wophunzira wa Chinese Academy of Engineering ku Germany, Institute of physics ya Chinese Academy of Sciences anakhazikitsa labotale yoyamba yolimba ya ion ku China, ndipo anayamba kufufuza pa lithiamu- ion conductors ndi mabatire a lithiamu.Mu 1995, China woyamba lifiyamu batire anabadwa mu Institute of physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kukwera kwamagetsi ogula m'zaka za m'ma 1990, mabatire a lithiamu aku China adawuka nthawi imodzi, komanso kutuluka kwa "zimphona zinayi", zomwe ndi Lishen, BYD, bick ndi ATL.Ngakhale kuti Japan inatsogolera chitukuko cha mafakitale, chifukwa cha vuto la kupulumuka, Sanyo Electric inagulitsidwa ku Panasonic, ndipo Sony inagulitsa bizinesi yake ya batri ya lithiamu ku Murata kupanga.Pampikisano woopsa pamsika, BYD ndi ATL okha ndi "akuluakulu anayi" ku China.

Mu 2011, "mndandanda woyera" wa boma la China udaletsa mabizinesi omwe amathandizidwa ndi ndalama zakunja.Atapezedwa ndi likulu la Japan, zidziwitso za ATL zidatha.Chifukwa chake Zeng Yuqun, woyambitsa ATL, adakonza zopanga bizinesi ya batri yodziyimira pawokha, lolani likulu la China lichite nawo, ndikuchepetsa magawo a kampani ya makolo TDK, koma sanavomereze.Chifukwa chake Zeng Yuqun adayambitsa nthawi ya Ningde (catl), ndipo adapita patsogolo pakudzikundikira kwaukadaulo koyambirira, ndikukhala kavalo wakuda.

Pankhani ya luso njira, BYD amasankha otetezeka ndi okwera mtengo lifiyamu chitsulo mankwala batire, amene ndi wosiyana ndi mkulu mphamvu kachulukidwe lithiamu ternary batire mu nthawi Ningde.Izi zikugwirizana ndi mtundu wabizinesi wa BYD.Wang Chuanfu, woyambitsa kampaniyo, amalimbikitsa "kudya ndodo mpaka kumapeto".Kupatula magalasi ndi matayala, pafupifupi mbali zonse za galimoto zimapangidwa ndikugulitsidwa zokha, kenako zimapikisana ndi dziko lakunja ndi phindu lamtengo wapatali.Kutengera izi, BYD yakhala ikukhala yachiwiri pamsika wapakhomo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Koma ubwino wa BYD ndi kufooka kwake: zimapanga mabatire ndi kugulitsa magalimoto, zomwe zimapangitsa opanga magalimoto ena mwachibadwa kusakhulupirira ndipo amakonda kupereka malamulo kwa omwe akupikisana nawo osati iwo okha.Mwachitsanzo, Tesla, ngakhale ukadaulo wa batri wa BYD wa LiFePO4 wapeza zambiri, amasankhabe ukadaulo womwewo wanthawi ya Ningde.Kuti asinthe zinthu, BYD ikukonzekera kulekanitsa batire yamagetsi ndikuyambitsa "batire ya blade".

Popeza kusintha ndi kutsegulira, batire ya lithiamu ndi imodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe zingagwirizane ndi mayiko otukuka.Zifukwa zake ndi izi: choyamba, boma limayika kufunikira kwakukulu kwa chitetezo chanzeru;chachiwiri, sikunachedwe kuyamba;chachitatu, msika wapakhomo ndi waukulu mokwanira;chachinayi, gulu la ofuna luso akatswiri ndi amalonda ntchito limodzi kuti athyole.Koma ngati titayandikira, monga dzina la nthawi ya Ningde, ndizochita bwino pachuma cha China komanso nthawi yamagalimoto amagetsi omwe amaumba nthawi ya Ningde.

Masiku ano, dziko la China silikutsalira m'mbuyo mwa mayiko otukuka pofufuza zinthu za anode ndi electrolytes, komabe pali zofooka zina, monga lithiamu batire separator, kachulukidwe mphamvu ndi zina zotero.Mwachiwonekere, kudzikundikira kwaukadaulo kumadzulo, Japan ndi South Korea kukadali ndi zabwino zina.Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuti nthawi za Ningde zakhala zikuyambira pa msika wa batire wapadziko lonse kwa zaka zingapo, malipoti a kafukufuku wamakampani apanyumba ndi akunja amalembabe Panasonic ndi LG paudindo woyamba, pomwe nthawi za Ningde ndi BYD zili paudindo wachiwiri.

5/ Mapeto
 

Mosakayikira, ndi chitukuko chowonjezereka cha kafukufuku wokhudzana m'tsogolomu, chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu padziko lapansi zidzabweretsa chiyembekezo chachikulu, chomwe chidzalimbikitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi luso la anthu, ndikulowetsa mphamvu zatsopano mu chitukuko chokhazikika. za chuma ndi anthu komanso kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha chilengedwe.Monga kampani yayikulu yamagalimoto pamsika, Tesla ali ngati nsomba zam'madzi.Ngakhale ikulimbikitsa kukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, ikutsogoleranso kutsutsa msika wa lithiamu batire.

Zeng Yuqun kamodzi adawulula nkhani yamkati ya mgwirizano wake ndi Tesla: musk wakhala akunena za mtengo tsiku lonse.Tanthauzo lake ndikuti Tesla akukankhira pansi mtengo wa mabatire.Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti panthawi yomwe Tesla ndi Ningde akuthamangira pamsika waku China, galimoto ndi batri siziyenera kunyalanyaza vuto la khalidwe chifukwa cha mtengo wake.Zikatero, ndondomeko zoyambilira zapakhomo zokhala ndi zolinga zabwino zidzachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali chowonadi chomvetsa chisoni.Ngakhale China ikulamulira msika wa batri ya lithiamu, matekinoloje apamwamba kwambiri ndi ma patent a lithiamu iron phosphate ndi zida za ternary sizili m'manja mwa anthu aku China.Ngati poyerekeza ndi Japan, China ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu ndalama anthu ndi likulu mu lithiamu batire kafukufuku ndi chitukuko.Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kafukufuku woyambira wasayansi, womwe umadalira kulimbikira kwanthawi yayitali komanso ndalama za boma, mabungwe ofufuza zasayansi ndi mabizinesi.

Pakalipano, mabatire a lithiamu akupita ku m'badwo wachitatu pambuyo pa mibadwo iwiri yapitayi ya lithiamu cobalt oxide, lithiamu iron phosphate ndi lithiamu ternary.Monga matekinoloje apakatikati ndi zovomerezeka za mibadwo iwiri yoyambirira zidagawika ndi makampani akunja, China ilibe maubwino oyambira, koma imatha kusintha zomwe zikuchitika m'badwo wotsatira kudzera mumayendedwe oyambilira.Poganizira njira yachitukuko ya mafakitale ya kafukufuku woyambira ndi chitukuko, kafukufuku wa ntchito ndi chitukuko cha zinthu za batri, tiyenera kukonzekera nkhondo yayitali.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu ku China akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri.Mwachitsanzo, pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni magalimoto amphamvu a lithiamu batire, pamakhala zovuta zina, monga kutsika kwamphamvu kwamagetsi, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, kulipiritsa nthawi yayitali, moyo waufupi wautumiki ndi zina zotero.

Kuyambira chaka cha 2019, China yaletsa "mndandanda woyera" wamabatire, ndipo mabizinesi akunja monga LG ndi Panasonic abwerera kumsika waku China, ndikuyimitsa mwachangu kwambiri.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi kuwonjezereka kowonjezereka kwa mtengo wa mabatire a lithiamu, mpikisano pamsika wapakhomo ukukulirakulira.Izi zidzakakamiza mabizinesi oyenerera kuti apambane mwayi pa mpikisano wokwanira ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri komanso kuthekera kwa msika mwachangu, kuti alimbikitse kukweza ndikukula kosalekeza kwamakampani aku China a lithiamu batire.