Chiwerengero cha makina osungira mphamvu za batri (BESS) kwa ntchito zosasunthika, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi ntchito zogawidwa, zayamba kukula kwambiri, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa apricum, bungwe lothandizira luso loyera.Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwaposachedwa, malonda akuyembekezeka kukula kuchokera pa $ 1 biliyoni mu 2018 mpaka pakati pa $ 20 biliyoni ndi $ 25 biliyoni mu 2024.
Apricum yazindikira madalaivala akuluakulu atatu pakukula kwa Bess: choyamba, kupita patsogolo kwabwino pamitengo ya batri.Chachiwiri ndi ndondomeko yoyendetsera bwino, zonse zomwe zimapititsa patsogolo kupikisana kwa mabatire.Chachitatu, Bess ndi msika womwe ukukula womwe ungachitike.
1. Mtengo wa batri
Chofunikira chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kwa Bess ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokhudzana ndi moyo wa batri.Izi zimatheka makamaka pochepetsa kuwononga ndalama, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito kapena kukonza ndalama.

2. ndalama zazikulu
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kutsika mtengo kwakukulu kwaukadaulo wa Bess ndi batri ya lithiamu-ion, yomwe yatsika kuchokera ku US $ 500-600 / kwh mu 2012 mpaka US $ 300-500 / kWh pakadali pano.Izi makamaka chifukwa cha udindo waukulu wa ukadaulo mu ntchito zam'manja monga "3C" mafakitale (makompyuta, kulumikizana, zamagetsi ogula) ndi magalimoto amagetsi, komanso kuchuluka kwachuma pakupanga.M'nkhaniyi, Tesla akukonzekera kuchepetsa mtengo wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion popanga 35 GWH / kW "Giga fakitale" ku Nevada.Alevo, wopanga mabatire aku America osungira mphamvu, adalengezanso mapulani omwewo kuti asinthe fakitale ya ndudu yomwe yasiyidwa kukhala fakitale ya batri ya gigawatt maola 16.
Masiku ano, oyambitsa ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu zambiri amadzipereka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zowonongera ndalama zochepa.Amazindikira kuti zidzakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa mphamvu yopangira mabatire a lithiamu-ion, ndipo makampani monga EOS, aquion kapena ambri akupanga mabatire awo kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zina zamtengo wapatali kuyambira pachiyambi.Izi zitha kutheka pogwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri zotsika mtengo komanso matekinoloje opangira ma electrode, ma proton exchange membranes ndi ma electrolyte, ndikutulutsa kupanga kwawo kwa makontrakitala opanga padziko lonse lapansi monga Foxconn.Chotsatira chake, EOS inati mtengo wa dongosolo la kalasi ya megawati ndi $ 160 / kWh yokha.
Kuphatikiza apo, kugula zinthu mwanzeru kungathandize kuchepetsa mtengo wabizinesi wa Bess.Mwachitsanzo, Bosch, BMW ndi Swedish utility company Vattenfall akukhazikitsa 2MW / 2mwh zokhazikika zosungira mphamvu zotengera mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu BMW I3 ndi ActiveE magalimoto.
3. ntchito
Magawo a magwiridwe antchito a batri amatha kupitilizidwa kuyesetsa kwa opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kuti achepetse mtengo wamagetsi osungira mphamvu ya batri (BESS).Moyo wa batri (kuzungulira kwa moyo ndi moyo wozungulira) mwachiwonekere umakhudza kwambiri chuma cha batri.Pakupanga, powonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera ku mankhwala omwe akugwira ntchito ndikuwongolera njira zopangira kuti akwaniritse mtundu wa batri wofananira komanso wosasinthasintha, moyo wogwira ntchito ukhoza kukulitsidwa.
Mwachiwonekere, batire nthawi zonse iyenera kugwira ntchito moyenera mkati mwazomwe zidapangidwira, mwachitsanzo, ikafika pakuya kwa kutulutsa (DoD).Moyo wozungulira ukhoza kukulitsidwa kwambiri pochepetsa kuya kotheka kwa kutulutsa (DoD) mukugwiritsa ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira.Kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane malire ogwiritsira ntchito bwino omwe amapezedwa kudzera mu kuyesa kolimba kwa labotale, komanso kukhala ndi njira yoyenera yoyendetsera batire (BMS) ndi mwayi waukulu.Kuwonongeka koyenda kozungulira kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha hysteresis mu cell chemistry.Kulipiritsa koyenera kapena kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa komanso kuya kwabwino kotulutsa (DoD) ndizothandiza kuti muzichita bwino kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zigawo za batri (kuzizira, kutentha kapena kasamalidwe ka batri) zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito ndipo ziyenera kukhala zochepa.Mwachitsanzo, powonjezera zinthu zamakina pamabatire a lead-acid kuti ateteze mapangidwe a dendrite, kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu ya batri pakapita nthawi kumatha kuchepetsedwa.

4. Mikhalidwe yandalama
Bizinesi yamabanki yama projekiti a Bess nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi mbiri yocheperako komanso kusowa kwa chidziwitso cha mabungwe azandalama pantchito, kukonza ndi mtundu wamabizinesi osungira mphamvu za batri.

Opereka ndi okonza mapulojekiti a batire energy storage system (BESS) akuyenera kuyesetsa kukonza kasungidwe ka ndalama, mwachitsanzo, kudzera mu chitsimikizo chokhazikika kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyezera batire.

Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa mabatire omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, chidaliro cha osunga ndalama chidzawonjezeka ndipo mtengo wawo wandalama udzachepa.

5. Ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito
Makina osungira mphamvu ya batri yotumizidwa ndi wemag / younicos
Monga matekinoloje onse atsopano omwe amalowa m'misika yokhwima, makina osungira mphamvu za batri (BESS) amadalira pamlingo wina wowongolera.Osachepera izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe zolepheretsa kutenga nawo gawo pamsika wamagetsi osungira mphamvu ya batri (BESS).Momwemo, madipatimenti aboma awona kufunikira kwa makina osungira okhazikika ndikulimbikitsa ntchito zawo moyenerera.
Chitsanzo cha kuthetsa zotsatira za zolepheretsa ntchito yake ndi Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 755, yomwe imafuna isos3 ndi rtos4 kuti ipereke malipiro ofulumira, olondola komanso apamwamba a mw-miliee55 zothandizira.Monga PJM, wodziyimira pawokha, adasintha msika wake wamagetsi wamba mu Okutobala 2012, kukula kwa mphamvu zosungirako kwakhala kukukulirakulira.Zotsatira zake, magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a zida zosungira mphamvu za 62 MW zomwe zidatumizidwa ku United States mchaka cha 2014 ndi zinthu zosungiramo mphamvu za PJM.Ku Germany, ogwiritsa ntchito nyumba zogona omwe amagula magetsi adzuwa ndi makina osungira mphamvu amatha kupeza ngongole zachiwongola dzanja chochepa kuchokera ku KfW, banki yachitukuko yomwe ili ndi boma la Germany, ndikubweza mpaka 30% pamtengo wogula.Pakalipano, izi zachititsa kuti pakhale makina osungira mphamvu a 12000, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti 13000 ina imamangidwa kunja kwa pulogalamuyi.Mu 2013, bungwe la California regulatory Authority (CPUC) linafuna kuti gawo lothandizira liyenera kugula 1.325gw ya mphamvu yosungirako mphamvu pofika 2020. Pulogalamu yogula zinthu ikufuna kusonyeza momwe mabatire angasinthire gridi yamakono ndikuthandizira kugwirizanitsa mphamvu za dzuwa ndi mphepo.

Zitsanzo zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizochitika zazikulu zomwe zadzutsa nkhawa kwambiri pankhani yosungira mphamvu.Komabe, kusintha kwakung'ono komanso kosazindikirika m'malamulo kumatha kukhala ndi chiwopsezo champhamvu pakugwiritsa ntchito dera la batire energy storage system (BESS).Zitsanzo zomwe zingatheke ndi izi:

Pongochepetsa mphamvu zochepa zomwe zimafunikira m'misika yayikulu yosungiramo mphamvu yaku Germany, makina osungira mphamvu zogona adzaloledwa kutenga nawo gawo ngati zopangira magetsi, kulimbitsanso bizinesi ya Bess.
Chofunikira pa dongosolo lachitatu la EU lakusintha mphamvu, lomwe lidayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2009, ndikulekanitsa bizinesi yopangira magetsi ndi malonda kuchokera pamaneti ake otumizira.Pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika kwalamulo, mikhalidwe yomwe woyendetsa makina opatsirana (TSO) adzaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosungiramo mphamvu sizidziwika bwino.Kuwongolera kwa malamulo kudzakhazikitsa maziko ogwiritsira ntchito mokulirapo kwa batire yosungira mphamvu yamagetsi (BESS) pakuthandizira grid yamagetsi.
Yankho lamphamvu la AEG pamsika wantchito woyankhidwa
Zomwe zikuchitika pamsika wamagetsi wapadziko lonse lapansi zikupangitsa kufunikira kwa ntchito.M'malo mwake, ntchito ya Bess ikhoza kutengedwa.Zomwe zikugwirizana ndi izi:
Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa komanso kuchulukira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pakagwa masoka achilengedwe, kufunikira kwa kusinthasintha kwamagetsi kukukulirakulira.Apa, mapulojekiti osungira mphamvu amatha kupereka chithandizo chothandizira monga ma frequency ndi ma voltage control, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa gridi, kulimbitsa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndikuyamba kwakuda.

Kukulitsa ndi kukhazikitsa maziko opangira ndi kutumiza ndi kugawa chifukwa cha ukalamba kapena kusakwanira kwa mphamvu, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi kumadera akumidzi.Pamenepa, makina osungira mphamvu za batri (BESS) angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira ina yochepetsera kapena kupewa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito kuti akhazikitse gululi yamagetsi yakutali kapena kupititsa patsogolo luso la majenereta a dizilo mu grid system.
Ogwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale, amalonda ndi okhalamo akuvutika kuti athane ndi mitengo yokwera yamagetsi, makamaka chifukwa chakusintha kwamitengo komanso mtengo wofunikira.Kwa eni (amene angathe) okhalamo opangira magetsi adzuwa, kutsika mtengo kwa gridi kudzakhudza kuthekera kwachuma.Kuonjezera apo, magetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala osadalirika komanso opanda khalidwe.Mabatire osasunthika atha kuthandiza kuti azidzigwiritsa ntchito okha, kupanga "kudula kwambiri" komanso "kusintha kwambiri" kwinaku akupereka magetsi osasokoneza (UPS).
Mwachiwonekere, kuti akwaniritse zofunazi, pali njira zosiyanasiyana zosungirako zopanda mphamvu.Ngati mabatire apanga chisankho chabwinoko ayenera kuwunikidwa pagawo lililonse ndipo atha kusiyanasiyana kudera ndi dera.Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale pali milandu yabwino yamabizinesi ku Australia ndi Texas, milanduyi ikufunika kuthana ndi vuto la kufalikira kwa mtunda wautali.Kutalika kwa chingwe chapakati pamagetsi apakati ku Germany ndi ochepera 10 km, zomwe zimapangitsa kukulitsa gululi yamagetsi kukhala njira yotsika mtengo nthawi zambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, batire mphamvu yosungirako mphamvu (BESS) sikokwanira.Choncho, mautumiki ayenera kuphatikizidwa mu "benefit superposition" kuti achepetse ndalama ndi kulipiritsa kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana.Kuyambira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito komwe kumapeza ndalama zambiri, choyamba tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wopeza mwayi wapatsamba ndikupewa zoletsa monga magetsi a UPS.Pazotsalira zilizonse, ntchito zoperekedwa ku gridi (monga kuwongolera pafupipafupi) zitha kuganiziridwanso.Palibe kukayikira kuti mautumiki owonjezera sangathe kulepheretsa chitukuko cha mautumiki akuluakulu.

Zokhudza omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamsika wosungira mphamvu.
Kusintha kwa madalaivala awa kudzabweretsa mwayi watsopano wamabizinesi komanso kukula kwa msika.Komabe, zochitika zoyipa zidzabweretsa kulephera kapena kutaya kuthekera kwachuma kwa mtundu wabizinesi.Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kuchepa kosayembekezereka kwa zinthu zina zopangira, kuchepetsa mtengo komwe kumayembekezeredwa sikungachitike, kapena kutsatsa kwaukadaulo watsopano sikungachitike monga momwe amayembekezera.Zosintha pamalamulo zitha kupanga chimango chomwe Bess sangachite nawo.Kuphatikiza apo, kutukuka kwa mafakitale oyandikana nawo kungapangitse mpikisano wowonjezera wa Bess, monga kuwongolera pafupipafupi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: m'misika ina (mwachitsanzo, Ireland), miyezo ya gridi imafuna kale mafamu amphepo ngati malo osungira magetsi.

Chifukwa chake, mabizinesi amayenera kuyang'anitsitsa wina ndi mzake, kulosera ndikuwongolera mtengo wa batri, zowongolera ndikuchita nawo bwino msika wapadziko lonse wofuna kusungirako mphamvu ya batri..